平面硅异质结太阳电池的光吸收增强的研究

钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳电池可以充分利用太阳光谱,提高光电转换效率.平面硅异质结太阳电池可以作为叠层电池的底电池,其性能直接影响叠层电池的性能表现.采用传统反应热蒸发技术,在低温(170 ℃)条件下制备了掺锡氧化铟薄膜,并在170 ℃的氧气氛围下后退火处理,对ITO薄膜的特性进行了详细的表征和分析.结果表明:后退火工艺改善了ITO的结晶特性,使得材料的光学特性和电学特性得到明显提高,将其应用于平面硅异质结太阳电池,短路电流密度得到极大提高,尤其红外光响应改善明显.引入MgF2薄膜作为减反射层,进一步增强了电池的光响应,转换效率达到19.04;.     

Preparation of Highly Stable and Photoluminescent Cadmium-Free InP/GaP/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots and Application to Quantitative Immunoassay

Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) are ideal substitutes for widely used cadmium-based QDs and have great application prospects in biological fields due to their environmentally benign properties and human safety. However, the synthesis of InP core/shell QDs with biocompatibility, high quantum yield (QY), uniform particle size, and high stability is still a challenging subject. Herein, high quality (QY up to 72%) thick shell InP/GaP/ZnS core/shell QDs (12.8 ± 1.4 nm) are synthesized using multiple injections of shell precursor and extension of shell growth time, with GaP serving as the intermediate layer and 1-octanethiol acting as the new S source. The thick shell InP/GaP/ZnS core/shell QDs still keep high QY and photostability after transfer into water. InP/GaP/ZnS core/shell QDs as fluorescence labels to establish QD-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (QD-FLISA) for quantitative detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), and a calibration curve is established between fluorescence intensity and CRP concentrations (range: 1–800 ng mL⁻¹, correlation coefficient: R² = 0.9992). The limit of detection is 2.9 ng mL⁻¹, which increases twofold compared to previously reported cadmium-free QD-based immunoassays. Thus, InP/GaP/ZnS core/shell QDs as a great promise fluorescence labeling material, provide a new route for cadmium-free sensitive and specific immunoassays in biomedical fields.     

烧结温度对煤系高岭土制备堇青石陶瓷的影响

我国的煤系高岭土具有明显的资源优势,应对其进行充分地研究和合理地应用,以缓和优质高岭土资源枯竭的燃眉之急.以鄂尔多斯煤系高岭土、鄂尔多斯滑石、工业氧化铝为原料,通过反应烧结一步合成堇青石,探讨了堇青石合成温度范围,以拓宽该煤系高岭土的应用范围.通过高温显微镜观察堇青石试样的合成温度范围为1400～1420℃.经1420℃合成的堇青石试样的吸水率为16.11;,显气孔率为28.44;,体积密度为1.77 g/cm3,径向烧成收缩为1.77;,厚度烧成收缩为4.80;,抗折强度为43.56 MPa.镁铝尖晶石是合成堇青石的重要中间产物,适当提高烧结温度可以促进镁铝尖晶石相向堇青石相转变,有利于堇青石晶粒的生长与发育.烧结温度的变化是堇青石晶粒发生变化的原因,同时导致液相量的变化,最终影响堇青石试样显微结构和烧结性能.     

A dynamic dissemination model for recurring online public opinion

Nonlinear Dynamics - With an increasing number of people sharing feelings and opinions online, the online platforms have become one of the most important channels for public opinion dissemination....     

Designing Covalent Organic Frameworks with a Tailored Ionic Interface for Ion Transport across One-Dimensional Channels

A strategy based on covalent organic frameworks for ultrafast ion transport involves designing an ionic interface to mediate ion motion. Electrolyte chains were integrated onto the walls of one-dimensional channels to construct ionic frameworks via pore surface engineering, so that the ionic interface can be systematically tuned at the desired composition and density. This strategy enables a quantitative correlation between interface and ion transport and unveils a full picture of managing ionic interface to achieve high-rate ion transport. Moreover, the effect of interfaces was scaled on ion transport; ion mobility is increased in an exponential mode with the ionic interface. This strategy not only sets a benchmark system but also offers a general guidance for designing ionic interface that is key to systems for energy conversion and storage.     

Malononitrile-involved Michael addition polymerization: An efficient and facile route for cyano-rich polyesters with programmable thermal and mechanical properties

An efficient, atom-economic, oxygen-tolerant, and water-tolerant strategy has been established to synthesize cyano-rich polyesters. Four kinds of organic bases, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) were explored for accelerating Michael addition polymerization of malononitrile and 1,4-butandiol diacrylate. TMG can promote the polymerization efficiently under mild conditions to quantitatively afford polyester with high-molecular weight and moderate polydispersity. The comparison of the kinetic studies of TMG and TBD reveals that TMG shows better catalytic performance, while the catalysis of TBD brings about oligomers in spite of the higher efficiency at early age of the polymerization. Moreover, other diacrylate compounds could also be quantitatively polymerized to afford polyesters with high molecular weight. When dimethacrylate is chose as the monomer, the polymerization becomes sluggish. All the afforded polyesters display programmable thermal and mechanical properties that are closely related to their chemical structures.     

Plasmon Coupling-Induced Hot Electrons for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

We present the fabrication of core-shell-satellite Au@SiO₂-Pt nanostructures and demonstrate that LSPR excitation of the core Au nanoparticle can induce plasmon coupling effect to initiate photocatalytic hydrogen generation from decomposition of formic acid. Further studies suggest that the plasmon coupling effect induces a strong local electric field between the Au core and Pt nanoparticles on the SiO₂ shell, which enables creation of hot electrons on the non-plasmonic-active Pt nanoparticles to participate hydrogen evolution reaction on the Pt surface. In addition, small SiO₂ shell thickness is required in order to obtain a strong plamon coupling effect and achieve efficient photocatalytic activities for hydrogen generation.     

Atomic-scale simulations for lithium dendrite growth driven by strain gradient

Dendrite formation is a major obstacle, e.g., capacity loss and short circuit, to the next-generation high-energy-density lithium (Li)-metal batteries. The development of successful Li dendrite mitigation strategies is impeded by an insufficient understanding in Li dendrite growth mechanisms. The Li-plating-induced internal stress in Li-metal and its effects on dendrite growth have been widely studied, but the underlying microcosmic mechanism is elusive. In the present study, the role of the plating-induced stress in dendrite formation is analyzed through first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations. It is shown that the deposited Li forms a stable atomic nanofilm structure on the copper (Cu) substrate, and the adsorption energy of Li atoms increases from the Li-Cu interface to the deposited Li surface, leading to more aggregated Li atoms at the interface. Compared with the pristine Li-metal, the deposited Li in the early stage becomes compacted and suffers the in-plane compressive stress. Interestingly, there is a giant strain gradient distribution from the Li-Cu interface to the deposited Li surface, making the deposited atoms adjacent to the Cu surface tend to press upwards with perturbation and causing the dendrite growth. This provides an insight into the atomicscale origin of Li dendrite growth, and may be useful for suppressing the Li dendrite in Li-metal-based rechargeable batteries.